Environmental Background Of Ge s External Environmental...

2. Environmental background 2.1 External environmental factors GE’s external environmental factors basically includes raw materials, industry, financial and human resource, market, technology, and environmental as well as socio-cultural factors. GE as a vast consists of different segments and each of this segments are in different industrial sectors. Thus, each of this sectors face different external factors and furthermore, environmental uncertainty is not consistent. Natural Physical Environment - Sustainability Issues: GE’s is newly based on renewable and natural sources of energy like wind, solar, coal etc. It is trying to increase and improve its scope to sustain in future. GE’s only threat is the carbon emission and non-renewable†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"To keep a pace with situation† is a big challenge for GE. Demand for healthcare gradually increased due to a rapid swift in development of science and technology. Also a vast spread of â€Å"super bacteria† far and wide in globe was a boon for pharmaceutical industry. It undoubtedly created a great condition for development of GE Pharmaceutical industry. 2.2 Internal environmental factors: Strength and Weakness GE internal strategies includes organizational adjustment and business restructuring. It core competency includes ‘innovation’ and ‘diversification’. Its performance of diversity is that GE has several business segments in different regions. Its Energy Segment provides water treatment equipment and services and also manufactures generators, gas, steam, renewable energy solutions as well as combined cycle systems. GE’s Capital Finance segment provides end user equipment’s, capital assets and supplies leasing and commercial lending products to several distributors. Consumer and Industrial segment produces various home appliances, lighting and control products. Its NBC Universal segment indulges in operation and distribution of television programs and films, production television stations and so on. Corporate Culture: Main aspects that form major culture of GE are 1. Their peoples: It believes that employee are a base in deliveringShow MoreRelatedGeneral Electric Essay4271 Words   |  18 Pages   DELLA   SVIZZERA   ITALIANA,   LUGANO   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   CORPORATE   STRATEGY   2012/2013          Corporate   strategy    1. Introduction   to   the   General   Electric   Company    General Electric Company (GE) is a US-based conglomerate. It operates diversified businesses such as technology, media and financial services. The companys portfolio of products and services comprises aircraft engines, power generation, water processing, lighting and securityRead MoreSingapore Airlines Report3463 Words   |  14 PagesContents 1.Introduction 1 2.Company background 1 3.Business Strategy 1 4.Stakeholder Analysis 3 5.Environmental and Organization Audit 5 6. 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BCG Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...13 4. GE-McKinsey Matrix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 6.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....15 7.0 Appendices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...17 8.0 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 1.0 INTRODUCTION When choosing a strategy, an organisation may decide toRead MoreVolvo Geely12051 Words   |  49 Pages2012 SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES SAVONIA BUSINESS Degree Programme, option Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Zhang Huihui Title of study China’s Foreign Direct Investment Analysis Case Study of Geely’s acquisition of Volvo Car Type of project Date Pages Thesis 10 April 2012 42 + 3 Supervisor(s) of study Executive organization Abdelazim Hannoura , Anneli Juutilainen Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the acquisitionRead MoreProcess of Innovation and Change Management1783 Words   |  8 PagesThe ability of organisations to apply and develop innovative capabilities enable them achieve and maintain sustainable advantage. 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Essay on Keeping or Guarding an Identity - 619 Words

Developing an identity has been something of importance throughout history, today’s society, and literature. In many circumstances, being yourself is the best option; however, in other circumstances, changing your composition actually can be better. What’s important, though, is to first accept oneself as who one is, and then to evaluate oneself and make the changes necessary. As one will see, the different evaluations have resulted in vastly different individuals. In the 20th Century, two very influential leaders became prominent in society: German Chancellor Adolf Hitler and civil rights activist Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. While both these individuals achieved great power, their evaluations of their self-identities couldn’t be more†¦show more content†¦Obviously, Pecola is unhappy with her physical and emotional composition; therefore, she wants to find an out, per se, a new Pecola; one with blue eyes, a beautiful body, and many friends. In contrast, Pecola’s childhood friends, Frieda and Claudia, also aren’t blessed with the best living situation; however, unlike Pecola, they make the conscious decision to tightly grasp their roots and make the best of what they have. These juxtaposing decisions have juxtaposing consequences. Pecola’s life begins to disintegrate at the hands of her fallacious dream, and in doing so, Morrison clearly reiterates her argument that escaping one’s true identity rather t han to embrace it ultimately leads to bitter consequences, yet Frieda and Claudia’s glass remains half full. One significant instance where senses of identity are exemplified occurs when Maureen walks into school with her light skin, wealth, and sense of self. Frieda and Claudia are not consumed by jealousy, while Pecola desires to be her mirror image, thereby demonstrating how jealousy is an undesired effect of a lack of self-identity. As a whole, Morrison’s employs juxtaposition. Cases of escaping one’s identity also occur often in society. One newsworthy story associated with identity is gay athletes. I believe, as many others do, that several professional athletes are hiding their sexuality out of fear of not conforming to the norm. Are athletes sacrificing their happiness only to be accepted into the locker room?Show MoreRelatedCardholder s Information At Citigroup Hacked Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesliable for fraudulent charges. Public notification followed on June 9th, almost a month after the breach took place. Threat Notification Did Citigroup act quickly enough to inform customers of potential vulnerabilities to customers’ funds and identities, or should the bank have waited, as it did, until the internal investigation was completed (Lawrence Weber, 2014)? Citigroup took a few weeks to inform authorities and three weeks to inform customers of the breach. 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The Sociology of Health Free Essays

string(65) " to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient\." The Sociology of Health The socio-medical model of health The socio-medical model of health focuses on the social factors which effect an individual’s health and well-being. They believe each person should be treated in accordance to their own personal circumstance and situation surrounding there illness, rather than be treated as a member of a group suffering from a particular illness, and should be treated the same as each person within that group. The socio-medical model concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sociology of Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social inequality and living standards are important influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical model suggests that the wealthy are more likely to have good health and suffer from less illness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which could be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, according to the socio-medical model are; damp or cold houses, lack of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc. The socio-medical model also suggests that the standards of health varies across different cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society might be not be seen as an illness in another society. For example the contagious skin disease ‘yaws’ was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered normal because most of the population had the disease. The socio-medical model thinks that some societies also treat people with an illness differently from other societies. For example Australia does not allow anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the way people with HIV are treated in the majority of societies around the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model believes influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today smoking cigarettes is a well-known health threat. Socio-medical treatments for illnesses include looking at an individual’s personal situation, identifying the factors which have contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such as great stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress – in order to improve his condition. The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this forward as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedical model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being used to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor people’s health. These tests aim to show ‘biological malfunction or irregularity’ in order to diagnose illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by; a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body – such as virus’s and disease etc. They believe every single illness has ‘one single observable cause’. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical model believes that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person – so all people with that illness should be given the same treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to ‘good health’ as having no illness. If you have ‘bad health’ you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness. Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be healthy again. (The Open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the modern western world. It treats illness and ‘malfunction’ with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. Some socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012). The different approaches to mental health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including; the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe mental illness in the same way they describe any other illness; that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a bump or bang to the head etc. They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patient’s symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD-10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. You read "The Sociology of Health" in category "Essay examples" The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, mood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro compulsive therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008). The socio-medical model’s approach to mental health is a total contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical model would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training. The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give insight into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional positive regard, boost self-esteem and confidence (which may be low due to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an independent life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009). They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individual’s mental health. They would say that due to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more likely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individual’s life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same. They believe that society has a negative perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a person’s childhood, and that bringing their unconscious thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminate the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). Different time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. Early this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live ‘normally’ within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and ‘zombified’. Before the 1950’s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. Around this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950’s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a variety of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as murder or suicide attempts. These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant ‘prison-like atmosphere’ and that they totally took away people’s rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010). In the late 1950’s – early 1960’s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as ‘programmes of activity’ including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an ‘open-door policy’, aiming to give the patients more independence and freedom. This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to change societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasn’t until the 1970’s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980’s for the first asylum to close. By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered ‘abnormal’ and that they should be treated just like any other ‘normal’ member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. ‘User movements’ have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in order to make them feel more in cont rol of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a genuine problem which needs to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50’s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. Available: http://www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentation#btnNext Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? Available: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 – the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare: the biomedical model. Available: http://openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060section=1. 6 Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999). Classification in psychiatry: ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 – 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 – approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available: http://www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available: http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock__Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available: http://allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video – mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available: http://www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell -and-community-care. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. How to cite The Sociology of Health, Essay examples The Sociology of Health Free Essays string(65) " to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient\." The Sociology of Health The socio-medical model of health The socio-medical model of health focuses on the social factors which effect an individual’s health and well-being. They believe each person should be treated in accordance to their own personal circumstance and situation surrounding there illness, rather than be treated as a member of a group suffering from a particular illness, and should be treated the same as each person within that group. The socio-medical model concentrates on social factors contributing to the standards of health. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sociology of Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social inequality and living standards are important influences on the standards of health. The socio-medical model suggests that the wealthy are more likely to have good health and suffer from less illness, and the poor are more likely to have bad health and suffer from more illnesses than the wealthy would. Things which could be factors contributing to ill health within societies with poor living standards, according to the socio-medical model are; damp or cold houses, lack of exercise, poor diet, lack of education and health awareness etc. The socio-medical model also suggests that the standards of health varies across different cultures, and that what is considered an illness in one society might be not be seen as an illness in another society. For example the contagious skin disease ‘yaws’ was so common in sub-Saharan Africa early this century that it was not considered a disease at all, it was considered normal because most of the population had the disease. The socio-medical model thinks that some societies also treat people with an illness differently from other societies. For example Australia does not allow anyone with HIV into the country, which is seen by most other countries as morally wrong and contrasts with the way people with HIV are treated in the majority of societies around the world. Time is another factor which the socio-medical model believes influences the standards of health. For instance cigarettes were promoted as being positive over 60years ago, whereas today smoking cigarettes is a well-known health threat. Socio-medical treatments for illnesses include looking at an individual’s personal situation, identifying the factors which have contributed to their illness or disorder, and removing these factors in order to correct or resolve the problem. For example a young man who has gone bald, from a socio-medical point of view, would be assessed and factors in his life such as great stress at work would be identified, this stress would be seen as the cause of his premature baldness, and they would try to help the man find a health way to vent his stress – in order to improve his condition. The biomedical model would view this man in a different way, they would concentrate on genetic factors such as premature baldness in his father, and put this forward as the cause in contrast to the socio-medical model. The biomedical model of health The biomedical model emerged after the industrialisation of the western world. New scientific discoveries and methods were being used to produce a new model of health which used new technologies and tests such as x-rays, biopsies and electroencephalographs in order to monitor people’s health. These tests aim to show ‘biological malfunction or irregularity’ in order to diagnose illnesses, which are then treated using biological methods such as drugs, operations, hospitalisation etc. (Ross Clarke, 2012). According to the biomedical model the individual is not responsible for their illness or condition, and think that illness is caused by; a biological breakdown within the individual (this can be things such as infections, genetic malfunctions, broken bones and so on) or by external factors invading the body – such as virus’s and disease etc. They believe every single illness has ‘one single observable cause’. (Mike Harris, 2008). The biomedical model believes that the cause for a certain illness in one person has the same cause of that illness in another person – so all people with that illness should be given the same treatments, no individual cases are usually taken into account. (Ross Clarke, 2012). The biomedical model refers to ‘good health’ as having no illness. If you have ‘bad health’ you are considered to be ill, or to have an illness. Treatment is given with the aim of correcting a malfunction within the body and once this malfunction is corrected, you will be considered to be healthy again. (The Open University, 2012). The biomedical model is the dominant model of health in the modern western world. It treats illness and ‘malfunction’ with the use of medication, operations, radio and chemo therapy, transplants etc. Some socio-medical methods of treatment, however, are used alongside the biomedical model treatments, such as the use of therapy. (Unknown Author, 2012). The different approaches to mental health and illness Mental health and illness can be defined and viewed in many different ways according to many different factors including; the models of disability, the culture, gender, social class, the time period, religion etc. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). The biomedical, or medical, model of health would describe mental illness in the same way they describe any other illness; that it is caused by one single physical/genetic cause. This could be things such as genes passed down from your parents, a bump or bang to the head etc. They believe that symptoms are caused by a physical problem within the person or in the brain and they group these symptoms together in order to diagnose an illness or syndrome. The medical model uses two classification systems of mental illness in order to diagnose a patient. These two systems are the DSM IV and the ICD-10. The DSM identifies the patient’s symptoms in order to give a diagnosis for their disorder, while the ICD-10 not only identifies the disorder and relevant symptoms, but it also tries to identify a cause. Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. 1999). The medical model of mental health describes people with mental illnesses as victims of their disorder, they see them as being unable to control their own actions and place no blame on the patient. You read "The Sociology of Health" in category "Papers" The medical model uses drugs and therapies in order to treat people with mental illness, these could be things such as antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, m ood stabilisers, sectioning, institutionalisation, ECT (Electro compulsive therapy), psychosurgery etc. (Saul McLeod, 2008). The socio-medical model’s approach to mental health is a total contrast to that of the medical model. It believes that many of the treatments used by the biomedical model are inhumane and unnecessary, and that mental illness is a result of social and personal factors surrounding an individual, rather than as a result of a biological cause. The socio-medical model would use therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), client-centred therapy, family interventions, self-help groups, social and individual learning skills sessions and vocational training. The therapies used by the socio-medical model aim to give insight into the patients personal problems which could be causing the mental illness, they aim to give the patient unconditional positive regard, boost self-esteem and confidence (which may be low due to the negative perceptions of mental illnesses in most societies) and try to promote an independent life for the patient so that they can live in society safely, whilst still getting the care and treatment they need from community carers etc. (Coppock and Dunn, 2009). They believe the society you live in, your quality of life and your social class has a great influence on an individual’s mental health. They would say that due to the financial stresses and low life quality of the lower classes, this would make them more likely to suffer from mental illness. They will use the client centred therapy to identify the personal problems in an individual’s life such as marital problems, financial problems, problems in the work place etc. The socio-medical model believes that the medical model stigmatizes patients by treating all patients suffering from a particular mental illness the same. They believe that society has a negative perception of mentally ill people and that they should not be labelled as it is not their fault they are suffering from that condition. (Ross Clarke B, 2012). Besides the different medical models, there are also other approaches to the study of mental health. Sigmund Freud, and others who follow the psychodynamic theory, would say that mental illness is due to an unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage or due to a trauma in a person’s childhood, and that bringing their unconscious thoughts to the surface of the conscious mind (using psychotherapy) will eliminate the problem. Unknown Author B, 2011). Different time periods have also had different approaches to the study of mental illness. Early this century, for example, people suffering from mental illness were seen as being inadequate to the rest of society, a danger to their-selves and others and unable to live ‘normally’ within society. They treated these people inhumanely, carrying out horrendous treatments which often resulted in patients becoming emotionless and ‘zombified’. Before the 1950’s ECT was carried out without the use of anaesthetic, which was very painful and uncomfortable for the patient. Around this time people with mental illnesses were being institutionalised on a regular basis, and by the mid 1950’s there was a total of around 150,000 people across the UK in mental institutions. (BBC, 2010). People were institutionalised for a variety of different reasons, ranging from sufferers of depression, to violent outbursts (mostly among women) and then extreme things such as murder or suicide attempts. These institutions at the time thought they were providing the best form of treatment for their patients, but people in more recent times think that the institutions had an unpleasant ‘prison-like atmosphere’ and that they totally took away people’s rights, freedom, independence, social skills and self-esteem and confidence and that the treatments they used were unnecessary and inhumane. (BBC, 2010). In the late 1950’s – early 1960’s a more humane approach started to be taken to the study of mental health. The start of the NHS in 1948 meant that mental health would now have a more modern and humane view from society, the NHS started to introduce new treatments and therapies in the asylums/institutions such as ‘programmes of activity’ including craft and sewing classes ect, and also introduced an ‘open-door policy’, aiming to give the patients more independence and freedom. This new approach recognised that asylums were not necessary for all mentally ill patients and in 1961, a man named Enoch Powell tried to change societies vision of mental ill health and, as the health minister of the time, he vowed to close all mental asylums/institutions and to instead, release patients into society, providing treatment and care for them at home and in the community via community carers. (Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick, 2011). It wasn’t until the 1970’s however that people stopped being admitted into the asylums and still took until the 1980’s for the first asylum to close. By 1990 100,000 patients had been released into society and mental hospitals started to become extinct. This was the start of care in the community for the mentally ill, as we know it today. (BBC, 2010). The modern approach to mental illness is that there could be a number of causes, whether that be genetic, organic, personal, social or a combination of either, and that sufferers should not be labelled, should not be considered ‘abnormal’ and that they should be treated just like any other ‘normal’ member of society. Ross Clarke B, 2012). They should receive sufficient care via GP/hospital appointments, care in the community and by alternative therapies such as family interventions, self-help groups etc. ‘User movements’ have also quite recently been introduced, this is a system which encourages the patient to work with a professional such as a doctor/psychiatrist to help choose the treatments they receive in order to make them feel more in cont rol of their illness or disorder and to help them feel more confidence that the chosen treatment will work. BBC, 2010). People with mental illnesses are no longer stigmatised or labelled and a majority of the western world have now accepted mental illness as a genuine problem which needs to be solved, rather than seeing it as a condition which needs to be locked away from society like in the early 50’s. References Mike Harris. (2008). Sociology of health and illness. Available: http://www. slideshare. net/Bias22/sociology-of-health-and-illness-presentation#btnNext Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Unknown Author. (2012). What is the biomedical model? Available: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-biomedical-model. htm Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Ross Clarke. (2012). Booklet 3 – the different constructions of health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012 The Open university. (2012). Models of healthcare: the biomedical model. Available: http://openlearn. open. ac. uk/mod/oucontent/view. php? id=398060section=1. 6 Last Accessed: 06/12/2012 Andrews, G. , Slade, T. , Peters, L. (1999). Classification in psychiatry: ICD-10 versus DSM-IV. The British Journal of Psychiatry. v. 174. no. 1. p. 3 – 4 Ross Clarke B. (2012). Booklet 4 – approaches to the study of mental health and illness. The Manchester College, 2012. Saul McLeod. (2008). The medical model. Available: http://www. simplypsychology. org/medical-model. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Coppock and Dunn. (2009). Understanding mental health and mental distress. Available: http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/30675_02_Coppock__Dunn_Ch_01. df Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. Unknown Author B. (2011). Psychology 101. Available: http://allpsych. com/psychology101/personality. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. BBC (2010). BBC4 video – mental history of the mad house. Last Accessed 27/11/2012. Adam McCulloch, Michael Fitzpatrick. (2011). Mental institutions, Enoch Powell and community care. Available: http://www. communitycare. co. uk/blogs/social-care-the-big-picture/2011/09/mental-institutions-enoch-powell -and-community-care. html Last Accessed: 06/12/2012. How to cite The Sociology of Health, Papers

Analysis of Richard Cory Essay Example For Students

Analysis of Richard Cory Essay These different articles about Richard Cory presented to us show us three different viewpoints of the same story. The three different articles cover the same information, but the way they use the characteristics of writing to convey us their message is uniquely different. The first article is a newspaper article; this article is based around a typical tabloid story. The second piece of writing is the poem, Richard Cory its self, and this article of writing seems to be almost like a fable, and it wants you to dig deeper into the sublimed meaning of it. The third piece of writing that we are presented with is the medical examiners report. This report does not seem to be like a typical medical report, and it seems to be a extremely graphical description of the death, but it does not give any other information besides the method by which he was killed or present us with any background information of Rickard Cory, unlike the other two pieces of writing. One can infer from the fact that each of the articles are presented from a individual perspective, and a new perspective needs to be created, with the information presented to us in the other articles, we can piece together a complete story without information solid as a gridlock. Starting with the newspaper article, the article seems to be a short summary of the events that occurred to Richard Cory the night he shot himself. This articles purpose seems to be to inform the public about a tragic event that occurred to a well known figure in the community. It is almost like an obituary and a murder/suicide investigation fused together in the span of one article. The source of the piece is a newspaper, so the selection of facts is pretty general because the newspaper just wants to get the general facts out to the public to get the people a broad idea of the incident. The facts that are included are his age, his occupation, time of death, weapon of choice, an interview with a friend of his, type of death, and they also included any ideas that they were going to pursue. The writer arranged the facts in order of argentines and in order of importance, the author first told us about the death, than details of the death, than what other people thought, than information about the investigation, and lastly they told us the personal information of Richard Cory. The diction that was used in this article is notable; it is simple, yet simultaneously stylish. The tone of the author seems to be in respect to the death of Richard Cory, its almost like the article is feeling sad about his death. The next article that is given to us is the poem of Richard Cory. This poem is quite significant because the style of writing it uses is deceptively clever; it wants to hold the secret of the moral, but at the same time it wants the reader to find out the moral so they can learn its lesson. The purpose of the poem is for reader to use their own interpretation to find out what the poem wants to tell the reader. It is presenting the reader with all of the facts, but the reader must assemble them and learn something on the way, and when the puzzle is completed, the reader will have learned the valuable lesson that it was trying to teach. The selections of facts that are included in this poem were included because of the nature of the poem of its self. Each fact has an underlying meaning that is for you to figure out, and for the poem to hide. The poem includes all of the facts for this very reason, to leave it open to interpretation. The writer gave us a clear description of what Richard Cory looked like, his manners; his habits, his education, and the way that the facts were presented to us were intended to make the reader think that he had everything, as if he was above humanity. The arrangement of facts goes from his description down to his wealth and then all of a sudden, they climax to his death. .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .postImageUrl , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:hover , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:visited , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:active { border:0!important; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:active , .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81 .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udede73a287fca99839f5de9187118e81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The themes of Eveline and a little cloud EssayI think that the facts are also given in the order presented because in that order, the reader can start to doubt Richard Corys happiness and then realize in the end what was wrong throughout the whole story. The diction of words used tells us that Richard Cory was almost godlike to the people; description of him being imperially slim and richer than a king tells us that he was a god to the people, and they made him an outcast while trying to imitate him. I think that the tone of the author was sarcastic because of the way that the author makes Richard Cory the coolest man in the world, and then Richard Cory just goes out witho ut a blaze. The last and final piece of writing is the most unique and peculiar to me because of a couple of reasons. The main reason that it intrigues me is the fact that in the medical report there is very little information besides the graphic and violent description of his death and the wound. This is interesting because it causes me to question why the writer would just include gore and blood in the report and nothing else about the life of Richard Cory. My question lead me to believe that the purpose of the medical report is not to just inform us about the death and the description of the entry and exit wound of the bullet in Richard Cory, but to hint at the fact that Richard Cory lived a extremely violent life. He died a very violent death, and I think that this is reflecting on the fact that he must have lived a violent life or he had a violent struggle within himself. The selections of facts presented to us are just the facts that include his death. The arrangement of facts presented to us is very simple but intricate to the last detail. The first couples of facts given are simple, not so bad, they just describe the bullet, but as you read on, the facts more descriptive and sicker. I think this order represents the fact that as his life went on, more violent events seemed to occur internally. The diction of words used show a feeling of cold sickness; its as if the person who diagnosed the body had no feelings, just empty coldness. The tone of the author seems to be chilling. It makes the death of Richard Cory seem like it was a pawn in a game of a sicko. This effect of the tone gives the entire outlook of the story a grim and dark or devious feeling. The author shows us the tone by using the appropriate word choice, and the fact that the article is a medical report makes it all the worse. In the end we can see a much clear pitchure of the event, and what really happened. All three of these publications describe the same incident, yet they all make us think in completely different and individually unique methods. The first newspaper article makes the reader think that a murder has been committed because of the bias shown towards an impossible suicide. In the second article, anything is possible since the poem was designed to have the reader sweat a little and it forces the reader to conclude upon his or her own interpretation of certain key facts. In the final and the third article, a medical report, we see that there seems to be a dark side to Richard Corys seemingly perfect life. These three articles definitely show us that each different and idiosyncratic viewpoint is a viewpoint ot be considered.